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Taiwan Independence movement is a political movement whose goals are primarily to formally establish the Republic of Taiwan or the State of Taiwan by renaming the Republic of China (ROC) (commonly known as Taiwan), strengthening Taiwanese identity, rejecting unification and One country, two systems with the People's Republic of China (PRC) (commonly known as China) and removing a politically Chinese identity, and obtain international recognition as a sovereign state by referring to Article 11, Article 12,〔http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter4.shtml〕 Article 32〔http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter5.shtml〕 and Article 35〔http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter6.shtml〕 of the UN Charter based on the international rule of law of The Spirit of the Laws. The success of this movement would be one possible outcome for the resolution of the political status of Taiwan. This movement is supported by the Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan, but opposed by the Pan-Blue Coalition which seeks to retain the somewhat ambiguous status quo of the ROC under the 1992 consensus, or gradually reunify with mainland China at some point. Due to the PRC's claim of sovereignty over Taiwan and repeated military threats made by the PRC, a formal declaration of independence could lead to a military confrontation between Taiwan and China, possibly escalating and involving other countries, such as the United States and Japan.〔(U.S.-Taiwan Defense Relations in the Bush Administration ), Heritage Foundation (noting the policy of President George W. Bush toward Taiwan's defense).〕 The use of ''independence'' for Taiwan can be ambiguous. If some supporters articulate that they agree to the independence of Taiwan, they may either be referring to the notion of formally creating an independent Republic of Taiwan, or to the notion that Taiwan has become synonymous with the current Republic of China and is already independent (as reflected in the concept of One Country on Each Side), these ideas run counter to the claims of the People's Republic of China. Some supporters advocate withdrawing from Kinmen and Matsu, which are controlled by Taiwan but are closer to mainland China. Therefore, the differences between the opinions of different camps in support and against independence can be very subtle. From 1683 to 1894, both Taiwan and mainland China were ruled by the Qing Empire. Following the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Taiwan was ceded by Qing government to the Empire of Japan via the Treaty of Shimonoseki. At the end of World War II in 1945, Taiwan was taken over by the ROC forces who then ruled most of mainland China. Since the defeat and expulsion of the ruling Kuomintang ROC government by the Communist Party of China from mainland China in 1949, the ROC government has controlled only Taiwan and its surrounding islands. It is a point of contention as to whether Taiwan has already achieved ''de facto'' independence under the Constitution of the Republic of China amended in 2005 ==History of the movement== Many supporters of independence for Taiwan view the history of Taiwan since the 17th century as a continuous struggle for independence and use it as an inspiration for the current political movement.〔 〕 According to this view, the people indigenous to Taiwan and those who have taken up residence there have been repeatedly occupied by groups including the Dutch, the Spanish, the Ming, Koxinga and the Ming loyalists, the Qing, the Japanese and finally the Chinese Nationalists led by the Kuomintang. From a pro-independence supporter's point of view, the movement for Taiwan independence began under Qing rule in the 1680s which led to a well known saying those days, "Every three years an uprising, every five years a rebellion". Taiwan Independence supporters compared Taiwan under Kuomintang rule to South Africa under apartheid.〔(台灣海外網 )〕 The Taiwan independence movement under Japan was supported by Mao Zedong in the 1930s as a means of freeing Taiwan from Japanese rule. With the end of World War II in 1945, by issuing "General Order No. 1" to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, the Allies agreed that the Republic of China Army under the Kuomintang would "temporarily occupy Taiwan, on behalf of the Allied forces."〔(【引用サイトリンク】Methods of Acquiring Sovereignty: PRESCRIPTION )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Taiwan independence movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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